Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels - Attitudes and Perceptions of Societies :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Attitudes and Perceptions of Societies in Gulliver's Travels    By the end of Book II in Gulliver's Travels, it is very clear that the character of Gulliver is not the same man who wrote the letter in the beginning of the story.   In fact, he is not the same man he was in Book I.   From the onset of Gulliver's Travels, Swift creates for us a seemingly competent character and narrator in Gulliver.   In his account we learn how his adventures have changed him and his perception of people, for the central theme of this story is how human nature and reason reflect society. Throughout the novel, the character, Gulliver changes his attitudes and his perceptions of people because of the different attitudes and perceptions of the different societies of Lilliput and Brobdingnag.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the whole, Gulliver is a very frustrating character to deal with for a number of reasons.   For example, he's not steady; this unsteadiness as a narrator leads us to question the validity of what Gulliver tells us.   This means that we have to be on our guard against what he says, and even though he's our guide, we can't follow him everywhere, which is just what Swift wanted.   Gulliver makes many apologies for himself and his actions and puts us the reader emotionally involved in the story.   Gulliver seems to direct a good deal of hostility toward us, creating a tinge of hostility back at him.   Ultimately, Gulliver works as a narrator because we can relate to him and as a result find him engaging.   We too can jump from emotion to emotion, but in the long run, Swift is not attempting to create an Everyman.   This Gulliver is not, by any means a wholly allegorical character, but as much an individual as the next person.   In certain ways, Gul liver proves to be more resilient than the average man is by managing to survive the disastrous shipwrecks and people so foreign they might as well be aliens.   Still in other ways Gulliver is a naà ¯ve person, bereft of decency and consideration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gulliver is an entirely credible and probable person at the same time that he is precisely the person to be the instrument for Swift's satire.   In his incredible circumstances, Gulliver shows himself to be very resourceful and observant of his surroundings.   With that he changes in relation to the places he visits and the events that befall him as he voyages.

Medical Use Of Body Massage Health And Social Care Essay

Body massage is a monolithic topic and includes many different types of technique and has a huge history of usage. Research, controlled surveies and clinical surveies have been undertaken in this field. Some of the most of import instances and noteworthy surveies will be discussed in greater inside informations subsequently. Although this essay will discourse â€Å" Swedish massage † in the most portion, it is helpful to discourse the field of complementary therapy as a medical system in a whole, along with the interchangeably used word â€Å" holistic † and the statement as to whether this is justly termed when in usage or non. â€Å" Complementary † therapies, although a reasonably recent add-on to conventional medical systems in the Western universe of normal Orthodox medical interventions, and they have a long and full history of usage in the Eastern universe. Natural therapies Complementary therapies are defined by Sairam ( 2007 ) as: â€Å" A system of alternate therapies, analogue to patterns in modern medical specialty. Treatments and therapies are frequently in concurrence with conventional medical specialty. † ( Sairam ( 2007 ) . Complementary therapies are now estimated costing: â€Å" $ 60 billion a twelvemonth and rise. In France, 75 % of the population has used some signifier of what is frequently called complementary medical specialty. That figure is about 50 % in the UK, 42 % in Canada, and 35 % in Norway. † ( Murcott, 2006 ) . The Ernst et Al, ( 2008 ) gives a wide definition of the term complementary therapies in the Oxford Handbook of Complementary Medicine: Complementary medical specialty is diagnosis, intervention and/or bar which complements mainstream medical specialty by lending to a common whole, fulfilling a demand non met by orthodoxy, or diversifying the conceptual model of medical specialty. † ( Ernest et al ( 1995 ) ) . Complementary therapies are now freely available on the NHS by referral by General Practitioner, the NHS web site discusses what it believes the definition of complementary therapies should include: â€Å" Complementary medical specialty ( or therapies ) is used to mention to those methods which can be used aboard or to ‘complement ‘ conventional medical specialty, but the differentiation between alternate and complementary medical specialty is non absolute and may depend on the context. Many people now use the term complementary and alternate medical specialty ( CAM ) to include both attacks. † ( NHS grounds web site ) . A word that is seen to be used interchangeably with that of complementary or alternate therapies is the word â€Å" Holistic † . The true significance of holistic or holistic theory from â€Å" The Collins Concise Dictionary † is: â€Å" ( in medical specialty ) the consideration of the complete individual in the intervention of disease. † The term â€Å" holistically † , is used by a variant sums of healers and professionals who either agree or disagree with the term being used in massage therapy, as the true significance of holistic is to handle the whole organic structure or the organic structure as a whole. Practitioners of Swedish massage would ignore massage and the term â€Å" holistic † being used together, they would most likely answer that massage is used for specific jobs, complaints and due to illness, hurt of other signifiers of harm to the musculus. The healers of such subjects would include that handling the organic structure as a â€Å" whole † would hold to include facial interventions and this would travel really much against the grain of specific signifiers of massage, which is used for handling specific jobs ( e.g. hurt due to overdrive of the biceps brachii musculus ensuing in a musculus failing of which is treated by massage ) . Therapist handling musculus hurts would justly r eason that to utilize facial massage to help the biceps hurt would be like sewing pants up with a knitting acerate leaf. So overall the sentiment of handling clients with a massage that is considered holistic, is non precisely the right term and would be better suited when discoursing other complementary therapies such as aromatherapy or reflexology. To to the full implement the word holistically into a intervention, it must suit into one of the classs of holding an consequence on one or more of the, psychological, physiology and physical factors and with this significance massage is non a â€Å" entirely, Holistic † intervention. Introducing the essay capable massage, it should be stated that many healers believe that massage is non a topic which can be used under the header of complementary therapy, and should that rub down should be wholly separate to this subdivision of health care. However, it seems in this twenty-four hours and age anything that goes against the â€Å" conventional † and Orthodox interventions of the western universe is now a complementary or alternate therapy. To to the full implement the word holistically into a intervention, it must suit into one of the classs of holding an consequence on one or more of the, psychological, physiology and physical factors. The significance or interlingual rendition of massage comes from the Arabic â€Å" Mass significance to press, â€Å" the Chinese phrase â€Å" anmo and amma † to intend the â€Å" imperativeness – hang-up † and tuina significance to â€Å" push-pull † . † ( Fritz ( 2009 ) ) . While the Greek use the term â€Å" massein † which is translated as knead and the Arabic â€Å" mass'h † to intend imperativeness quietly. Among the most noteworthy mentions to the definition of massage it is described really similar from century to century, Holey and Cook ( 2004 ) gives a assortment of definitions as to what is a usher to definitions on the topic, in â€Å" Evidence – Based Curative Massage † a assortment of different definitions are given: â€Å" Massage is the term used to show scientific uses which are performed by the custodies of the operator upon the organic structure of the patient†¦ and is a natural method of reconstructing the portion, either locally or by and large injured, to its normal status. ( Ross ( 1907 ) . â€Å" †¦ massage may be described as a scientific manner of handling some signifiers of disease, by external uses, applied in a assortment of ways to the soft tissues of the organic structure † . ( Goodall- Copestake ( 1926 ) ) . â€Å" †¦ massage uses may be stationary or progressive ; they may be variable in strength of force per unit area exerted, surface country treated and frequence of application † . ( Westland ( 1993 ) ) . Massage has been used by many civilizations and is besides known as the â€Å" laying on of custodies † from Christianity. But massage is something that as human being is natural in our being and mind, when a individual hurts themselves the natural action is to rub the country. Massage has a huge history, from Country to Country and from civilization to civilization. Massage has been used within the Chinese tradition for many centuries, developed from every bit early as â€Å" A.D. , 589-617 † , ( Fritz ( 2009 ) ) , the Chinese tradition uses the methods of kneading and musculus uses to alleviate different types of wellness job or unwellness. Handss were the first most common signifier of tool for supplying this type of pattern to the organic structure, but developing this therapy, came adding tools like little acerate leafs to specific countries â€Å" medians † to the organic structure to impart and unblock energy. Based on the original Chinese impression of â€Å" chi † and the blocking of the 12 acmes that impair good wellness, were taken and adapted by the Nipponese techniques of massage and what the Chinese phrase â€Å" Qi † the Japanese termed â€Å" Ki † . Parry ( 2010 ) explains that â€Å" †¦ if Ki is fluxing swimmingly around the medians, so the individual will remain in good wellness. † ( Parry ( 2010 ) . The Nipponese massage, Shiatsu, is said to replace and equilibrate the â€Å" Qi † , or the critical energy that flows throughout certain â€Å" medians † of the organic structure. In Indian medical specialty the intervention of â€Å" Ayurveda † is given to patients. It is debatable to discourse this type of therapy as complementary due to the fact it is â€Å" Ayuvedic † medical specialty that is usually used. The term â€Å" Ayuvedic † treats the organic structure as a whole and non dividing each symptom individually. This type of Indian medical intervention has been has been common topographic point for centuries and so much so, Ayuvedic patterns are built on to conventional, Western known infirmaries. The usage of massage in this therapy is to chiefly to detoxicate and liberate up the musculuss of the organic structure. The type of massage Indian Ayurveda physicians use are to hike energy degrees and usage motions named â€Å" shampooing † ( Gould ( 2004 ) ) , to help this consequence. The Greek ‘s used massage therapies to help recovery and assist preparatory exercisings for jocks, but most of import were the interventions given to gymnasts, making a new system of massage techniques for helping preparation strength. A celebrated Grecian doctor, Hippocrates ( 460-370 BCE ) , taught that massage and touch, specifically in a certain ways, utilizing gestures like stroking and rubbing, benefited the bosom and blood circulation of a patient as a proviso for mending. It is documented that: â€Å" Rubing can adhere and loosen, can do flesh and cause parts to waste ; difficult friction binds, soft friction loosens ; much friction causes parts to blow, moderate friction makes them turn. † ( Hippocrates 460-370 ) Hippocrates the â€Å" Father of Medicine † ( Braun and Simonson ( 2005 ) inspired a huge sum of professionals to research more the effects of massage. Roman doctor, Galen ( 130-201 CE ) added to the instructions of Hippocrates by discoursing how specific motion techniques could profit the bosom and circulation, ensuing in the fix of hurts quicker. Galen was instrumental in the apprehension of musculus fibres and stroking motions which aided wellbeing. Another â€Å" initiation male parent † , Per Henrik Ling ( 1776-1839 ) , a Swedish born healer took the instructions of the Chinese and Greeks and developed the impression of massage as a mending force earnestly. Ling, travelled the universe larning different massage techniques, he based his surveies specifically with gymnasts. He took what he learnt from the Eastern universe and developed the â€Å" Ling system, Swedish Massage, or the Swedish motion remedy † ( Salvo ( 2003 ) ) which we may now give voice as â€Å" Swedish Massage † . Ling used his massage rules when set uping the Sweden â€Å" Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics. â€Å" ( Salvo ( 2003 ) ) . Ling ‘s instructions were categorized into four different techniques of motion, ( 1 ) aesthetic, ( the cognition and usage of feeling or emotions, ( 2 ) educational, ( learning the organic structure how to keep its ain position ) , ( 3 ) medical ( rectifying certain defects in the organic structure ) and ( 4 ) armed forces ( usage of toughening the organic structure musculuss ) and besides included the footings given to different types of motion, like that of â€Å" active † and â€Å" inactive † . Dr Johan Mezger ( 1838-1909 ) , used the work of Ling and began calling techniques of massage such as â€Å" effleurage † and â€Å" tapotement † . Further to this work, Dr Emil Kleen took techniques further and discussed the motions effects on the assorted organic structure systems. Kleen ‘s book â€Å" The Handbook of Massage † gave a elaborate system of session lineations and specific safety recommendations. In the United Kingdom during the early 1900s, the term â€Å" massage † had been overly used in the incorrect footings, and were symbolical with the solicitation and pattern of â€Å" harlotry † ( Braun ( 2005 ) ) and houses of discredit, this was the distressing position of the British Medical Association ( BMA ) . The BMA was the first to show dismay towards the massage therapies. The constitution of The Society of Trained Masseurs ‘ in 1894 gave manner to healers holding to hold specific makings to pattern safely and outlined demands that healers must hold a on the job cognition of anatomy and physiology. This was so changed to the Incorporated Society of Trained Masseuses and so The Chartered Society of Trained Massage and Remedial Gymnastics. However, the United States of America embraced the usage of massage and used the footings otherwise, the word massage went from strength to strength and massage healers were extremely qualified and trained professionals. Two really influential people in the USA who provided grounds for massage therapy working within the health care systems, was Dr. George Taylor ( 1850 ) who took the massage techniques of Ling and reproduced them, he established the Remedial Hygiene Institute. Deems taylors used the Ling system and worked around it he represented his surveies as â€Å" Movement Remedy † . The other influential author was Dr John Harvey Kellogg ( 1842-1953 ) , he specialized in the intervention of massage and gave documented surveies in American sanatariums â€Å" analyzing mechanical, automatic and metabolic effects of massage on the different systems of the organic structure † , ( Braun ( 2005 ) ) . Kellogg ‘s book â€Å" The Art of Massage † 1895 gave det ailed anatomical mention to rub down applications. His work was an outstanding influence of massage during this period and is still used extensively today. As illustrated the historical background to massage is huge, during the past century massage has been given expansive prestigiousness and has found its ain manner into the Orthodox medical patterns that are used today. The National Health Service ( NHS ) are now more significantly altering their referral system and include assorted types of complementary therapy, included is that of massage. Many nurses and nurse practicians hold excess preparation certifications and making to utilize massage in their attention of patients.

Role of Fate in Tess of the DUrbervilles - 5058 Words

Thomas Hardy wrote this novel in the end of the last decade of the nineteenth century. This novel is remarkable like all the other Hardy’s novels for the tragic vision it indicates; there is a story which ends in a tragic manner. In so far as Hardy is concerned, he writes tragedy of fate which has a major role to play. This novel is almost like the Greek tragedy in the classical Greek tragedy in the sense that they wrote play in a way where Aristotle wrote Greek tragedy and other things. He was dealing particularly with plays. But the world view was essentially disastrous in tragedy mainly because in those Greek tragedies, the tragedy arose out of the dictates of fate. So, fate had decreed that it would be like this. And, because it was†¦show more content†¦So, the essential cause of the feud and the tragedy is different. But if we leave that apart then we find that the rest of the play has a different cause altogether. If we take any other story, we will find that story deals with the character of the protagonist which plays a major role in the tragedy; it is not chance or fate that plays the major role; it is the character. So, in Shakespeare the character is destiny. Again rather than destiny shaping the future of the human beings; it is the character which shapes destiny. So, if we take any play of that matter, even a play like Antony and Cleopatra where we find that Cleopatra is an Egyptian queen, Antony is a Greek general. So, this Greek general takes part of the kingdom which was conquered by Alexander. Antony falls in love with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra. And Cleopatra on the other hand falls in love with Antony. So, they have a passionate love for each other. This love is neither liked by the Egyptians nor by the Greeks; therefore the Greeks invade on the Egyptian Queen, and during the course of the war we find Antony goes towards Cleopatra. So, he deserts his people; he wants to join Cleopatra although she is dying and that the Greeks have surrounded herShow MoreRelatedTragedy in Tess of the D’Urberville by Thomas Hardy Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHardy’s novel Tes s of the D’Urberville is based on the tragedy of Tess’ life. Throughout the novel Tess goes through numerous amounts of suffering .Traditionally, it was believed that tragedy was due to hamartia. Aristotle described hamartia as a flaw that leads to the fall of the protagonist caused by mistake in a person’s behaviour. However, Tess does not have a flaw but she still suffers despite the fact that she did not do anything wrong. Hardy demonstrates that Tess is a woman in a patriarchalRead MoreInfluence Of God On The Fate Of Tess And The D Urbervilles1564 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence of God on the fate of Tess Durbeyville in â€Å"Tess and the D’Urbervilles† by analysing the use of character and theme - using evidence from the novel itself to support my conclusions. 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